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Snapshot A 31-year-old G1P0 woman presents to her obstetrician at 19 weeks gestation for

Snapshot A 26-year-old man presents to his cardiologist for exercise intolerance and blue discoloration

Snapshot A 24-year-old woman presents with tachycardia. She reports that this happens every few

Snapshot A 22-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a high-speed motor vehicle

Introduction Normal splitting  physiology inspiration creates a negative intrathoracic pressure this pulls more blood

Snapshot A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after fainting. He was accompanied by

Snapshot A 3-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician’s office for a well-child visit. He

Snapshot A 56-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for shortness of breath

Snapshot A 60-year-old man presents to his cardiologist for a follow-up of newly diagnosed

Snapshot A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency department (ED) after being found unresponsive

Snapshot A 54-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a wellness visit.

Overview Cardiac output (CO) curve  describes a state of cardiac function a plot of