Reproductive

Snapshot A 25-year-old graduate student presents to her local urgent care for emergency contraception.

Introduction Paternal nondisjunction (XYY) Incidence 1:1000 Associated with aggressive/antisocial/criminal behavior (1-2%) normal sexual characteristics/function

Mechanism cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor results in less cGMP degradation and ↑ cGMP  Drives smooth muscle

Overview Introduction A process by which spermatogonia develop into spermatozoa  begins at puberty requires

Mechanism Partial estrogen receptor agonist See Female Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis topic  Acts specifically in hypothalamus which antagonizes normal negative feedback inhibition

Snapshot A 60-year-old G0 female was found on outpatient endometrial biopsy to have abnormal

Mechanism GnRH analog See female hypothalamic-pituitary axis topic  See male hypothalamic-pituitary axis topic  Action depends on mode of administration 

Overview Anatomy Tunica albuginea an unusually thick, dense connective tissue capsule that covers each

Snapshot A 35-year-old G3P2 at 12 weeks of gestation presents to the emergency department

Introduction Failure of testes to descend into the scrotum unilaterally or bilaterally normally mediated by

Introduction Benign breast enlargement in males secondary to increased effective estrogen can be increased