Topics

Overview High altitude → ↓ atmospheric pressure (Patm) and ↓ alveolar PO2 Ventilation ↓ alveolar PO2 → ↑ respiratory

Overview Mechanism reversible inhibition of H1 histamine receptors 1st generation Drugs diphenhydramine (Benadryl) dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

Overview Mechanism competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors    decreases pulmonary vascular resistance  Clinical use pulmonary hypertension

V/Q Ratio “Normal” V/Q = 0.8 V = alveolar ventilation Q = pulmonary blood flow

Overview Conducting Airways “conducting zone” includes: nose nasopharynx larynx trachea contains a cartilaginous layer

Snapshot A 55-year-old male with congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and hypertension presents

Overview Snapshot A 13-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis presents to the emergency department with S. aureus pneumonia.

Overview Guaifenesin (Robitussin) removes excess sputum does not suppress cough reflex must use large

Snapshot A 77-year-old man is brought in by EMS after waking up in the

Snapshot A 49-year-old man with morbid obesity presents to the clinic complaining of heart

Hypoxemia Alveolar gas equation predicts the change in PAO2 that will occur for a given

Introduction Defined as occlusion of a pulmonary artery from embolization of a thrombus from a