Hypothalamus

Introduction

• Function
  • along with the pituitary it forms the connection between the endocrine and nervous system
  • maintains homeostasis controlling a number of functions such as
    • hunger, sleep-wake cycle, thirst, and sexual desire (Homeostatic mechanisms)
    • Endocrine system via the pituitary
    • the Autonomic system
    • the Limbic system
    • mnemonic (“HEAL”)
• Anatomy
  • the hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon and is found beneath the thalamus
    • thus is called “hypo”thalamus
  • it is found posteriorly and dorsally to the optic chiasm
• Circuitry
  • input
    • OVLT (organum vasculosum lamina terminalis)
      • senses osmolarity changes resulting in
        • vasopressin release
    • area postrema
      • a vomit-inducing center and contains chemoreceptors to detect toxins
        • for example, it responds to emetic drugs
• major hypothalamic nuclei