| Giant cell temporal arteritis | Intimal thickeningMedial granulomatous inflammation leading to elastic lamina fragmentation may be focally found, requiring at least a 1 cm segment of the temporal artery | Elderly (> 50 years of age) patient with a headache in the temporal region, often worse with chewingPain upon palpation of the temporal artery~50% will present with jaw claudicationAbnormalities in vision may occur (e.g., diplopia or blindness) when the ophthalmic artery is involved May be associated with polymyalgia rheumatica | ↑ erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)Temporal artery biopsy | High-dose corticosteroids must be administered immediately in order to prevent blindness |
| Takayasu arteritis | Transmural fibrous thickening of the aortic arch and major vessels | Classic in Japanese women who are < 40 years of ageWeak pulse and decreased blood pressure in the upper extremitiesFatigue, malaise, weight loss, and arthralgias | ↑ erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)Angiography or MRA | High-dose corticoster |
