Snapshot
- A 62-year-old man is in the stroke unit after experiencing a severe right-sided middle cerebral artery stroke. On physical exam there is left-sided upper extremity muscle weakness. The affected arm has increased muscle tone, and the bicep and tricep tendon reflex is 3+. There is also a left-sided Hoffman’s sign.
Introduction
- Upper motor neurons
- are neurons from the cerebral cortex to the anterior horn
- Lower motor neurons
- are neurons from the anterior horn to the peripheral muscle